№ 71-4 (том 2): ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И НАУКА В XXI ВЕКЕ, Февраль, 2026
Научно-образовательные статьи

TRADES AND SUBSTITUTION: ECONOMIC MECHANISMS, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTS, AND SYSTEMIC IMPLICATIONS

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  • Aygozel Myratdurdyyeva,
  • Annamyradov Arslan
Aygozel Myratdurdyyeva
OGUZ HAN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF TURKMENISTAN
Annamyradov Arslan
OGUZ HAN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF TURKMENISTAN

Опубликован 12.03.2026

Как цитировать

A. Myratdurdyyeva, & A. Annamyradov. (2026). TRADES AND SUBSTITUTION: ECONOMIC MECHANISMS, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTS, AND SYSTEMIC IMPLICATIONS. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И НАУКА В XXI ВЕКЕ, 71-4 (том 2). https://mpcareer-google.ru/index.php/journal/article/view/5005

Аннотация

Trades and substitution represent fundamental mechanisms in economic systems, governing resource allocation, technological transitions, production restructuring, and policy adaptation. Trade-offs arise when improvement in one variable leads to compromise in another, reflecting scarcity constraints. Substitution occurs when one input, technology, or product replaces another in response to price signals, regulation, or innovation. This section examines the theoretical foundations, microeconomic and macroeconomic dimensions, and policy implications of trade-offs and substitution processes within industrial and market systems.

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Библиографические ссылки

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