IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Аннотация

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide, affecting a significant portion of children, women of reproductive age, and the elderly. It arises primarily from insufficient dietary iron intake, impaired absorption, increased physiological demands, and chronic blood loss. IDA results in reduced hemoglobin levels and compromised oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to fatigue, pallor, cognitive impairment, and in severe cases, cardiovascular complications. Laboratory findings typically include microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells, low serum ferritin, and decreased transferrin saturation. Recent research emphasizes the role of hepcidin in regulating iron homeostasis and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. Effective management of IDA requires a combination of dietary interventions, treatment of underlying causes, and careful monitoring of iron status. This study reviews the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, underscoring its significance as a public health concern.