TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION

Аннотация

The rapid growth of digital services, cloud computing, and mobile applications has significantly increased cybersecurity risks for individuals and organizations worldwide. Traditional password-based authentication systems are no longer sufficient to protect sensitive user information against phishing, credential theft, brute-force attacks, and social engineering techniques. This article examines the concept of Two Factor Authentication (2FA) as an advanced security mechanism designed to strengthen identity verification processes in web and mobile applications. Unlike single-factor authentication systems that rely solely on passwords, 2FA combines multiple verification factors such as passwords, mobile devices, biometrics, and one-time passwords (OTPs). The paper explores the theoretical foundations of multi-factor security, authentication protocols, and adaptive access control. Furthermore, it proposes a layered architecture for implementing 2FA systems in modern applications. The study also discusses practical applications, benefits, challenges, and future research directions related to secure authentication technologies.