MODERN TEACHING METHODS AND PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

Аннотация

The teaching of English as a foreign or additional language has undergone considerable transformation as educational theories, learner needs, and technological environments have developed. Contemporary English language pedagogy increasingly emphasizes communication, learner autonomy, meaningful interaction, critical thinking, and the practical application of language. This article examines major teaching methods and pedagogical approaches used in English language education, including the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching, Task-Based Language Teaching, Cooperative Learning, Differentiated Instruction, and technology-supported pedagogy. Particular attention is given to the transition from teacher-centered instruction toward learner-centered models. The article argues that no single methodology is universally effective for all learners or educational contexts. Instead, effective English teaching requires a flexible combination of approaches determined by learners’ proficiency levels, educational objectives, institutional conditions, and cultural contexts.